Geometric Redesign and Cut-and-Fill Volume Estimation of a Non-Compliant Mine Haul Road at Pit Banko Tengah A, South Sumatra
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Abstract
Mine haul roads must satisfy geometric standards to ensure safe and reliable heavy-equipment mobilization. This study evaluated the inactive Tesla haul road at Pit Banko Tengah A, South Sumatra, for reactivation using Komatsu HD-785 rigid dump trucks. Existing road geometry was assessed against operational standards, followed by 3D spatial redesign and cut-and-fill volume estimation in hilly terrain. The results showed that several straight segments require widening, with the largest correction reaching 7.93 m to meet the 24 m standard. Segment 5 also requires curve widening and superelevation correction, with actual superelevation of 0.064 m compared with the 1.223 m design requirement. Road grades remained within the 8% maximum limit. The redesign produced an excavation-dominant earthwork profile, consisting of 203.92 BCM of cut and 9.79 BCM of fill. These findings provide a practical basis for planning haul-road reactivation while aligning geometric compliance with earthwork requirements.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c): Dwi Lestari, Syari Rahma Yanti, Tri Gamela Saldy, Rangga Agung Pribadi Heriawan (2026)
How to Cite
Lestari, D., Yanti, S., Saldy, T., & Pribadi Heriawan, R. (2026). Geometric Redesign and Cut-and-Fill Volume Estimation of a Non-Compliant Mine Haul Road at Pit Banko Tengah A, South Sumatra. MOTIVECTION : Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering, 8(2), 125-142. https://doi.org/10.46574/motivection.v8i2.583
References
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[15] W. A. Hustrulid, M. Kuchta, and R. K. Martin, Open Pit Mine Planning and Design, Two Volume Set & CD-ROM Pack, 3rd ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2013, doi: 10.1201/b15068.
[16] American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, 7th ed. Washington, DC, USA: AASHTO, 2018.
[17] Badan Standardisasi Nasional, SNI 7167:2016 Pengaman Jalan Pertambangan. Jakarta, Indonesia: Badan Standardisasi Nasional, 2016.
[18] L. Han and P. Liu, “Design of Unmanned Road Widths in Open-Pit Mines Based on Offset Reaction Times,” Applied Sciences, vol. 14, no. 7, Art. no. 2995, 2024, doi: 10.3390/app14072995.
[19] M. Mnzool, H. R. Almujibah, M. Bakri, A. Gaafar, A. A. M. Elhassan, and E. Gomaa, “Optimization of cycle time for loading and hauling trucks in open-pit mining,” Mining of Mineral Deposits, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 18–26, 2024, doi: 10.33271/mining18.01.018.
[20] D. L. Saptarini, R. Hidayatullah, A. Marul, and T. Suprianto, “Effect of Transport Road Slope on Fuel Consumption of Coal Mine Transport Truck,” E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 500, Art. no. 03006, 2024, doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202450003006.
[21] P. Bodziony and M. Patyk, “The Influence of the Mining Operation Environment on the Energy Consumption and Technical Availability of Truck Haulage Operations in Surface Mines,” Energies, vol. 17, no. 11, Art. no. 2654, 2024, doi: 10.3390/en17112654.
[22] K. Thoeni, P. Hartmann, T. Berglund, and M. Servin, “Edge protection along haul roads in mines and quarries: A rigorous study based on full-scale testing and numerical modelling,” Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 4020–4035, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.jrmge.2024.10.005.
[23] Y. H. Kim, S. S. Shin, H. K. Lee, and E. S. Park, “Field Applicability of Earthwork Volume Calculations Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,” Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 15, Art. no. 9331, 2022, doi: 10.3390/su14159331.
[24] B. F. Maulana and M. A. Kholiq, “Overburden Volume Calculation Using Cut and Fill Method at RHML Jobsite (Riung Harapan Mitra Lestari) PT. Riung Mitra Lestari, Tapin Regency, South Kalimantan Province,” Journal of Marine-Earth Science Technology, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 69–73, 2025, doi: 10.12962/j27745449.v5i3.2723.
[25] T. J. Otto, T. Mkhatshwa, T. J. van Heerden, and C. H. Cloete, “Improving spatial mine-to-plan compliance at an open pit mine through enhanced short-term mine planning,” Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 125, no. 5, pp. 249–258, 2025, doi: 10.17159/2411-9717/3546/2025.
[26] A. Khan, M. W. A. Asad, and E. Topal, “A heuristic method for production scheduling of an open pit mining operation,” International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 293–305, 2024, doi: 10.1080/17480930.2023.2281201.
[27] M. R. Taufiq, F. A. R. Putri, and Y. Fanani, “Productivity Analysis of Digging, Loading, and Hauling Equipment in Overburden Removal Activities at PT. Anugrah Borneo Sinergy in Keramat Mina Field, South Kalimantan, Indonesia,” Journal of Earth and Marine Technology, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 66–79, 2024, doi: 10.31284/j.jemt.2024.v5i1.6426.
[28] M. Gomilanović, N. Stanić, S. Stepanović, and A. Doderović, “Studies on availability of the mining equipment: An overview,” Mining and Metallurgy Engineering Bor, no. 1, pp. 59–66, 2023, doi: 10.5937/mmeb2301059G.
[29] J. P. Sihombing, E. Harsiga, and G. Guskarnali, “Analysis of Differences in Overburden Volume Calculation Results Based on Survey and Truck Count Method at PT Bina Sarana Sukses Job Site Manambang Muara Enim,” Journal of Geology and Exploration, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 77–84, 2025, doi: 10.58227/jge.v4i2.326.
[2] R. J. Thompson, R. Peroni, and A. T. Visser, Mining Haul Roads: Theory and Practice. Leiden, The Netherlands: CRC Press/Balkema, 2019. doi: 10.1201/9780429491474.
[3] Komatsu Ltd., “Komatsu HD785-7 Dump Truck Specifications Brochure.” Komatsu Ltd., 2024.
[4] R. H. Ashari and J. S. Setiadji, “Evaluasi Geometri Jalan Hauling Overburden Pit X untuk Menunjang Operasional yang Aman,” Jurnal Dimensi Insinyur Profesional, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 48–53, 2025, doi: 10.9744/jdip.3.1.48-53.
[5] H. Prabowo and C. Febriani, “Analysis of the Relationship between Road Slope and Total Resistance to Fuel Consumption of Sany SKT 90S Dump Truck,” MOTIVECTION: Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 397–414, 2023, doi: 10.46574/motivection.v5i2.242.
[6] N. Rochim, A. Triantoro, and R. N. Hakim, “Evaluasi Kondisi Jalan Tambang Berdasarkan Geometri untuk Meningkatkan Produktifitas Alat Angkut Pada PT Madhani Talatah Nusantara,” Jurnal Himasapta, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 27–32, 2021, doi: 10.20527/jhs.v6i1.3437.
[7] Z. Saputra, A. D. Sakti, A. Firmana, M. Ignatius, A. N. H. Hede, and A. Saepuloh, “Enhanced mine road monitoring using unmanned aerial vehicles and deep-learning approach,” Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, vol. 32, Art. no. 101080, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.rsase.2023.101080.
[8] Z. Zimar, J. Pooni, D. Robert, F. Giustozzi, A. Zhou, S. Setunge, and J. Kodikara, “Performance of industrial fly ash based stabilized mine haul roads under seasonal moisture changes,” Transportation Geotechnics, vol. 48, Art. no. 101295, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101295.
[9] F. Aditya, B. Heriyadi, T. G. Saldy, F. Nauli, S. R. Yanti, R. Marlina, K. E. Putra, R. Algozi, and M. Akmal, “Mine Slope Stability Analysis CV. Putra Idola Against the Padang-Painan Cross Road with GSI Method and Rock Mass Rating,” MOTIVECTION: Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 129–144, 2025, doi: 10.46574/motivection.v7i2.437.
[10] D. Yulhendra, F. Sandrio, and A. Octova, “Development Mine Scheduling Concept in Making Pit Design,” MOTIVECTION: Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 269–282, 2023, doi: 10.46574/motivection.v5i2.208.
[11] C. Xu, G. Chen, H. Lu, Q. Zhang, Z. Liu, and J. Bian, “Integrated Optimization of Production Scheduling and Haulage Route Planning in Open-Pit Mines,” Mathematics, vol. 12, no. 13, Art. no. 2070, 2024, doi: 10.3390/math12132070.
[12] A. Qodri, F. Aditya, F. Fadhilah, and T. G. Saldy, “Mining Sequence Compliance and Production Performance in an Open-Pit Coal Mine: A Case Study of Pit Rista, South Sumatra,” MOTIVECTION: Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 51–70, 2026, doi: 10.46574/motivection.v8i1.530.
[13] M. R. James, J. H. Chandler, A. Eltner, C. Fraser, P. E. Miller, J. P. Mills, T. Noble, S. Robson, and S. N. Lane, “Guidelines on the use of structure-from-motion photogrammetry in geomorphic research,” Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, vol. 44, no. 10, pp. 2081–2084, 2019, doi: 10.1002/esp.4637.
[14] A. Eltner, A. Kaiser, C. Castillo, G. Rock, F. Neugirg, and A. Abellán, “Image-based surface reconstruction in geomorphometry—Merits, limits and developments,” Earth Surface Dynamics, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 359–389, 2016, doi: 10.5194/esurf-4-359-2016.
[15] W. A. Hustrulid, M. Kuchta, and R. K. Martin, Open Pit Mine Planning and Design, Two Volume Set & CD-ROM Pack, 3rd ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2013, doi: 10.1201/b15068.
[16] American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, 7th ed. Washington, DC, USA: AASHTO, 2018.
[17] Badan Standardisasi Nasional, SNI 7167:2016 Pengaman Jalan Pertambangan. Jakarta, Indonesia: Badan Standardisasi Nasional, 2016.
[18] L. Han and P. Liu, “Design of Unmanned Road Widths in Open-Pit Mines Based on Offset Reaction Times,” Applied Sciences, vol. 14, no. 7, Art. no. 2995, 2024, doi: 10.3390/app14072995.
[19] M. Mnzool, H. R. Almujibah, M. Bakri, A. Gaafar, A. A. M. Elhassan, and E. Gomaa, “Optimization of cycle time for loading and hauling trucks in open-pit mining,” Mining of Mineral Deposits, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 18–26, 2024, doi: 10.33271/mining18.01.018.
[20] D. L. Saptarini, R. Hidayatullah, A. Marul, and T. Suprianto, “Effect of Transport Road Slope on Fuel Consumption of Coal Mine Transport Truck,” E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 500, Art. no. 03006, 2024, doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202450003006.
[21] P. Bodziony and M. Patyk, “The Influence of the Mining Operation Environment on the Energy Consumption and Technical Availability of Truck Haulage Operations in Surface Mines,” Energies, vol. 17, no. 11, Art. no. 2654, 2024, doi: 10.3390/en17112654.
[22] K. Thoeni, P. Hartmann, T. Berglund, and M. Servin, “Edge protection along haul roads in mines and quarries: A rigorous study based on full-scale testing and numerical modelling,” Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 4020–4035, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.jrmge.2024.10.005.
[23] Y. H. Kim, S. S. Shin, H. K. Lee, and E. S. Park, “Field Applicability of Earthwork Volume Calculations Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,” Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 15, Art. no. 9331, 2022, doi: 10.3390/su14159331.
[24] B. F. Maulana and M. A. Kholiq, “Overburden Volume Calculation Using Cut and Fill Method at RHML Jobsite (Riung Harapan Mitra Lestari) PT. Riung Mitra Lestari, Tapin Regency, South Kalimantan Province,” Journal of Marine-Earth Science Technology, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 69–73, 2025, doi: 10.12962/j27745449.v5i3.2723.
[25] T. J. Otto, T. Mkhatshwa, T. J. van Heerden, and C. H. Cloete, “Improving spatial mine-to-plan compliance at an open pit mine through enhanced short-term mine planning,” Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 125, no. 5, pp. 249–258, 2025, doi: 10.17159/2411-9717/3546/2025.
[26] A. Khan, M. W. A. Asad, and E. Topal, “A heuristic method for production scheduling of an open pit mining operation,” International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 293–305, 2024, doi: 10.1080/17480930.2023.2281201.
[27] M. R. Taufiq, F. A. R. Putri, and Y. Fanani, “Productivity Analysis of Digging, Loading, and Hauling Equipment in Overburden Removal Activities at PT. Anugrah Borneo Sinergy in Keramat Mina Field, South Kalimantan, Indonesia,” Journal of Earth and Marine Technology, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 66–79, 2024, doi: 10.31284/j.jemt.2024.v5i1.6426.
[28] M. Gomilanović, N. Stanić, S. Stepanović, and A. Doderović, “Studies on availability of the mining equipment: An overview,” Mining and Metallurgy Engineering Bor, no. 1, pp. 59–66, 2023, doi: 10.5937/mmeb2301059G.
[29] J. P. Sihombing, E. Harsiga, and G. Guskarnali, “Analysis of Differences in Overburden Volume Calculation Results Based on Survey and Truck Count Method at PT Bina Sarana Sukses Job Site Manambang Muara Enim,” Journal of Geology and Exploration, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 77–84, 2025, doi: 10.58227/jge.v4i2.326.