Mining Sequence Compliance and Production Performance in an Open-Pit Coal Mine: A Case Study of Pit Rista, South Sumatra
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Abstract
This study assesses coal and overburden production efficacy for the mining sequence at Pit Rista, PT Dewa Sukses Mandiri, South Sumatra, during July and August 2025, and recommends operational enhancements to facilitate production objectives in the following months. The investigation was prompted by the inability to meet monthly production targets, as evidenced by insufficient effective working hours, excessive downtime, low equipment availability, and discrepancies between planned and actual mining progress. A quantitative evaluative method was employed utilizing primary data consisting of loading and hauling cycle durations, alongside secondary data such as production reports, working hours, downtime records, mine design, and mining sequence plans. The examination encompassed equipment productivity, job efficiency, match factor, physical availability (PA), use of availability (UA), Pareto analysis of downtime, and a comparison between planned and actual implementation of the mining sequence. The findings indicate that production deficits in July and August 2025 were mostly attributable to diminished effective working hours resulting from operational and mechanical delays, low PA and UA values, and discrepancies between the planned mining sequence and actual field execution. In July, the primary cause of lost time was the lack of hauling help, however in August, weather-related delays emerged as the principal limitation. These conditions impeded mining advancement and diminished overall output efficacy. In light of these findings, production optimization should prioritize enhancing mining sequence execution, reinforcing equipment maintenance and oversight, reconfiguring pit front and haul road geometry, and regulating haul road gradients to minimize downtime and enhance operational efficiency.
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License and Copyright
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c): Ambun Qodri, Fariz Aditya, Tri Gamela Saldy, Fadhilah Fadhilah (2026)
How to Cite
Qodri, A., Aditya, F., Fadhilah, F., & Saldy, T. (2026). Mining Sequence Compliance and Production Performance in an Open-Pit Coal Mine: A Case Study of Pit Rista, South Sumatra. MOTIVECTION : Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering, 8(1), 51-70. https://doi.org/10.46574/motivection.v8i1.530
References
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[16] B. Enkhchuluun, B.-O. Batgerel, and C. Ping, “Cycle Time Analysis of Open Pit Mining Dump Trucks,” International Journal of Geosciences, vol. 14, pp. 689–709, 2023, doi: 10.4236/ijg.2023.148037.
[17] S. W. Hia, M. L. Singgih, and R. O. S. Gurning, “Performance Metric Development to Measure Overall Vehicle Effectiveness in Mining Transportation,” Applied Sciences, vol. 12, no. 23, Art. no. 12341, 2022, doi: 10.3390/app122312341.
[18] F. S. Adam, “Evaluation of Survey Factors on Truck Count and Achievement of Actual Volume of Mining July 2024,” INTAN Jurnal Penelitian Tambang, vol. 8, no. 1, 2025, doi: 10.56139/intan.v8i1.282.
[19] F. Irawan, R. Yovanda, and R. Arisanti, “Geometry Study of Dump Truck Transport Road from Front Pit I to Disposal Area for Overburden Transportation at PT Long Daliq Primacoal,” Jurnal Humaniora dan Sosial Sains, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 343–348, 2025.
[20] K. Lestyánszka Škůrková, H. Fidlerová, M. Niciejewska, and A. Idzikowski, “Quality Improvement of the Forging Process Using Pareto Analysis and 8D Methodology in Automotive Manufacturing: A Case Study,” Standards, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 84–94, 2023, doi: 10.3390/standards3010008.
[21] T. J. Otto, T. Mkhatshwa, T. J. van Heerden, and C. H. Cloete, “Improving spatial mine-to-plan compliance at an open pit mine through enhanced short-term mine planning,” Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 125, no. 5, pp. 249–258, 2025, doi: 10.17159/2411-9717/3546/2025.
[22] M. Mnzool, H. R. Almujibah, M. Bakri, A. Gaafar, A. A. M. Elhassan, and E. Gomaa, “Optimization of cycle time for loading and hauling trucks in open-pit mining,” Mining of Mineral Deposits, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 18–26, 2024, doi: 10.33271/mining18.01.018.
[23] M. Gomilanovic, U. Bugaric, M. Bankovic, N. Stanic, and S. Stepanovic, “Determining the Availability of Continuous Systems in Open Pits Using ANFIS and a Simulation Model,” Energies, vol. 17, no. 5, Art. no. 1138, 2024, doi: 10.3390/en17051138.
[24] K. Hasözdemir, M. Meral, and M. M. Kahraman, “Revolutionizing Open-Pit Mining Fleet Management: Integrating Computer Vision and Multi-Objective Optimization for Real-Time Truck Dispatching,” Applied Sciences, vol. 15, no. 9, Art. no. 4603, 2025, doi: 10.3390/app15094603.
[25] Z. Saputra, A. D. Sakti, A. Firmana, M. Ignatius, A. N. H. Hede, and A. Saepuloh, “Enhanced mine road monitoring using unmanned aerial vehicles and deep-learning approach,” Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, vol. 32, Art. no. 101080, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.rsase.2023.101080.
[26] Z. Zimar, J. Pooni, D. Robert, F. Giustozzi, A. Zhou, S. Setunge, and J. Kodikara, “Performance of industrial fly ash based stabilized mine haul roads under seasonal moisture changes,” Transportation Geotechnics, vol. 48, Art. no. 101295, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101295.
[27] I. Akbar, M. Hasan, and L. Yola, “Analysis of Occupational Safety Risk Levels in Mining Activities at PT Golden Great Borneo,” MOTIVECTION: Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering, vol. 6, no. 3, 2024, doi: 10.46574/motivection.v6i3.337.
[2] A. Khan, M. W. A. Asad, and E. Topal, “A heuristic method for production scheduling of an open pit mining operation,” International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 293–305, 2024, doi: 10.1080/17480930.2023.2281201.
[3] T. J. Otto, T. Mkhatshwa, T. J. van Heerden, and C. H. Cloete, “Improving spatial mine-to-plan compliance at an open pit mine through enhanced short-term mine planning,” Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 125, no. 5, pp. 249–258, 2025, doi: 10.17159/2411-9717/3546/2025.
[4] T. F. K. Ngoroyemoto, C. Chewu, D. Runganga, T. Nyamagudza, and A. R. Sabao, “Overview on an open pit mine planning of the Pickstone Peerless in a volatile environment,” Indonesian Mining Journal, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 13–27, 2022, doi: 10.30556/imj.Vol25.No1.2022.1288.
[5] J. C. Gutiérrez-Diez, A. M. Castañón, and M. Bascompta, “New Method to Study the Effectiveness of Mining Equipment: A Case Study of Surface Drilling Rigs,” Applied Sciences, vol. 14, no. 5, Art. no. 2185, 2024, doi: 10.3390/app14052185.
[6] S. Park, D. Jung, and Y. Choi, “A novel integrated key performance indicator for evaluating open-pit mine haulage systems: application of GMG standards,” Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 16, no. 10, Art. no. 103589, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.asej.2025.103589.
[7] M. Gomilanović, N. Stanić, S. Stepanović, and A. Doderović, “Studies on availability of the mining equipment: An overview,” Mining and Metallurgy Engineering Bor, no. 1, pp. 59–66, 2023, doi: 10.5937/mmeb2301059g.
[8] D. Yulhendra, F. Sandrio, and A. Octova, “Development Mine Scheduling Concept in Making Pit Design,” MOTIVECTION: Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering, vol. 5, no. 2, 2023, doi: 10.46574/motivection.v5i2.208.
[9] M. R. Taufiq, F. A. R. Putri, and Y. Fanani, “Productivity Analysis of Digging, Loading, and Hauling Equipment in Overburden Removal Activities at PT. Anugrah Borneo Sinergy in Keramat Mina Field, South Kalimantan, Indonesia,” Journal of Earth and Marine Technology, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 66–79, 2024, doi: 10.31284/j.jemt.2024.v5i1.6426.
[10] K. M. A. Isnaeni, A. F. Arrahman, and I. Iskandar, “The Influence of Mechanical and Physical Availability Values on the Production Achievement Rate of Loader and Hauler Units in Overburden Removal Activity of PT Langgeng Daya Agrindo,” Jurnal Cakrawala Ilmiah, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 815–828, 2022, doi: 10.53625/jcijurnalcakrawalailmiah.v2i3.4019.
[11] S. W. Hia and P. Pramudjito, “Reduce mean time to repair of mining equipment with lean six sigma,” Operations Excellence: Journal of Applied Industrial Engineering, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 331–340, 2024, doi: 10.22441/oe.2024.v16.i3.125.
[12] H. Prabowo and C. Febriani, “Analysis of the Relationship between Road Slope and Total Resistance to Fuel Consumption of Sany SKT 90S Dump Truck,” MOTIVECTION: Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering, vol. 5, no. 2, 2023, doi: 10.46574/motivection.v5i2.242.
[13] Y. Zetra, R. Y. P. Burhan, S. E. Fittriani, M. N. Khozin, Z. V. Nugrahaeni, R. B. Putri, and H. Rohma, “Coalbed Methane Potential of The Muara Enim Formation in The South Sumatera Basin as a Source of Natural Gas,” Malaysian Journal of Science, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 65–76, 2025, doi: 10.22452/mjs.vol44no4.7.
[14] F. Nauli, A. Irfan, S. R. Yanti, A. Alghifari, and A. Van Deny, “Analysis of Pump Requirements for Mine Dewatering Sump at Kerinci PT Cipta Kridatama Jobsite PT Kuansing Inti Makmur,” MOTIVECTION: Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering, vol. 6, no. 3, 2024, doi: 10.46574/motivection.v6i3.368.
[15] Y. T. Prasetyo, M. Paradise, and F. Mukarrom, “Productivity Assessment of Digging and Loading Equipment (Cat 330D2L) and Hauling Equipment (Fuso 220PS) in Coal Mining at PT Bhumi Sriwijaya Perdana Coal, Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra,” Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 4, no. 2, 2024, doi: 10.52562/injoes.2024.1226.
[16] B. Enkhchuluun, B.-O. Batgerel, and C. Ping, “Cycle Time Analysis of Open Pit Mining Dump Trucks,” International Journal of Geosciences, vol. 14, pp. 689–709, 2023, doi: 10.4236/ijg.2023.148037.
[17] S. W. Hia, M. L. Singgih, and R. O. S. Gurning, “Performance Metric Development to Measure Overall Vehicle Effectiveness in Mining Transportation,” Applied Sciences, vol. 12, no. 23, Art. no. 12341, 2022, doi: 10.3390/app122312341.
[18] F. S. Adam, “Evaluation of Survey Factors on Truck Count and Achievement of Actual Volume of Mining July 2024,” INTAN Jurnal Penelitian Tambang, vol. 8, no. 1, 2025, doi: 10.56139/intan.v8i1.282.
[19] F. Irawan, R. Yovanda, and R. Arisanti, “Geometry Study of Dump Truck Transport Road from Front Pit I to Disposal Area for Overburden Transportation at PT Long Daliq Primacoal,” Jurnal Humaniora dan Sosial Sains, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 343–348, 2025.
[20] K. Lestyánszka Škůrková, H. Fidlerová, M. Niciejewska, and A. Idzikowski, “Quality Improvement of the Forging Process Using Pareto Analysis and 8D Methodology in Automotive Manufacturing: A Case Study,” Standards, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 84–94, 2023, doi: 10.3390/standards3010008.
[21] T. J. Otto, T. Mkhatshwa, T. J. van Heerden, and C. H. Cloete, “Improving spatial mine-to-plan compliance at an open pit mine through enhanced short-term mine planning,” Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 125, no. 5, pp. 249–258, 2025, doi: 10.17159/2411-9717/3546/2025.
[22] M. Mnzool, H. R. Almujibah, M. Bakri, A. Gaafar, A. A. M. Elhassan, and E. Gomaa, “Optimization of cycle time for loading and hauling trucks in open-pit mining,” Mining of Mineral Deposits, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 18–26, 2024, doi: 10.33271/mining18.01.018.
[23] M. Gomilanovic, U. Bugaric, M. Bankovic, N. Stanic, and S. Stepanovic, “Determining the Availability of Continuous Systems in Open Pits Using ANFIS and a Simulation Model,” Energies, vol. 17, no. 5, Art. no. 1138, 2024, doi: 10.3390/en17051138.
[24] K. Hasözdemir, M. Meral, and M. M. Kahraman, “Revolutionizing Open-Pit Mining Fleet Management: Integrating Computer Vision and Multi-Objective Optimization for Real-Time Truck Dispatching,” Applied Sciences, vol. 15, no. 9, Art. no. 4603, 2025, doi: 10.3390/app15094603.
[25] Z. Saputra, A. D. Sakti, A. Firmana, M. Ignatius, A. N. H. Hede, and A. Saepuloh, “Enhanced mine road monitoring using unmanned aerial vehicles and deep-learning approach,” Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, vol. 32, Art. no. 101080, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.rsase.2023.101080.
[26] Z. Zimar, J. Pooni, D. Robert, F. Giustozzi, A. Zhou, S. Setunge, and J. Kodikara, “Performance of industrial fly ash based stabilized mine haul roads under seasonal moisture changes,” Transportation Geotechnics, vol. 48, Art. no. 101295, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101295.
[27] I. Akbar, M. Hasan, and L. Yola, “Analysis of Occupational Safety Risk Levels in Mining Activities at PT Golden Great Borneo,” MOTIVECTION: Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering, vol. 6, no. 3, 2024, doi: 10.46574/motivection.v6i3.337.